Samba/NFS-Dateifreigabe

sudo apt update
sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin -y
 
# Check version
smbd --version
 
# Check service status
sudo systemctl status smbd nmbd

# Back up the original configuration
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
 
# Edit the configuration
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

# /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
   workgroup = WORKGROUP
   server string = Ubuntu File Server
   security = user
   map to guest = Bad User
   dns proxy = no
 
   # Performance tuning
   socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY
   read raw = yes
   write raw = yes
   max xmit = 65535
 
[public]
   path = /srv/samba/public
   browsable = yes
   read only = no
   guest ok = yes
   create mask = 0664
   directory mask = 0775
   force user = nobody

# Create the shared directory
sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/public
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/samba/public
sudo chmod 0775 /srv/samba/public

[shared]
   path = /srv/samba/shared
   browsable = yes
   read only = no
   guest ok = no
   valid users = @smbgroup
   create mask = 0660
   directory mask = 0770
   force group = smbgroup
 
[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browsable = no
   read only = no
   valid users = %S
   create mask = 0600
   directory mask = 0700

# Create a Samba user group
sudo groupadd smbgroup
 
# Create a system user and add to the group
sudo useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin smbuser
sudo usermod -aG smbgroup smbuser
 
# Set a Samba password (independent of the system password)
sudo smbpasswd -a smbuser
sudo smbpasswd -e smbuser  # Enable the user
 
# Create the shared directory
sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/shared
sudo chown root:smbgroup /srv/samba/shared
sudo chmod 0770 /srv/samba/shared

# Test configuration file syntax
testparm
 
# Restart services
sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd
 
# Enable at boot
sudo systemctl enable smbd nmbd
 
# Open Samba ports in the firewall
sudo ufw allow samba

# Install client tools
sudo apt install cifs-utils smbclient -y
 
# Browse shares
smbclient -L //server-ip -U smbuser
 
# Mount a share
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/samba
sudo mount -t cifs //server-ip/shared /mnt/samba -o username=smbuser,password=yourpass,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g)
 
# Auto-mount at boot (/etc/fstab)
# First create a credentials file
sudo tee /etc/samba/.credentials << 'EOF'
username=smbuser
password=yourpass
EOF
sudo chmod 600 /etc/samba/.credentials
 
# Add an fstab entry
echo "//server-ip/shared /mnt/samba cifs credentials=/etc/samba/.credentials,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo mount -a

\\server-ip\shared

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server -y
 
# Check status
sudo systemctl status nfs-server

# /etc/exports
# Format: directory client(options)
 
# Allow a single IP
/srv/nfs/data 192.168.1.100(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
 
# Allow an entire subnet
/srv/nfs/data 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
 
# Allow multiple clients
/srv/nfs/shared 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) 10.0.0.0/8(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
 
# Read-only share
/srv/nfs/public *(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)

# Create shared directories
sudo mkdir -p /srv/nfs/data /srv/nfs/shared /srv/nfs/public
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /srv/nfs/data /srv/nfs/shared /srv/nfs/public
sudo chmod 0777 /srv/nfs/data
 
# Apply the export configuration
sudo exportfs -ra
 
# View current exports
sudo exportfs -v
 
# Open NFS ports in the firewall
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port nfs
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 111  # rpcbind

# Install the client
sudo apt install nfs-common -y
 
# View the server's export list
showmount -e server-ip
 
# Mount an NFS share
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs
sudo mount -t nfs server-ip:/srv/nfs/data /mnt/nfs
 
# Mount with NFS v4
sudo mount -t nfs4 server-ip:/srv/nfs/data /mnt/nfs
 
# Auto-mount at boot (/etc/fstab)
echo "server-ip:/srv/nfs/data /mnt/nfs nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo mount -a

# Install autofs
sudo apt install autofs -y
 
# Configure the master map file
echo "/mnt/nfs /etc/auto.nfs" | sudo tee -a /etc/auto.master
 
# Configure the NFS map
echo "data -rw,soft,intr server-ip:/srv/nfs/data" | sudo tee /etc/auto.nfs
 
# Restart autofs
sudo systemctl restart autofs
 
# Access triggers automatic mounting
ls /mnt/nfs/data

# Server: increase the number of NFS threads
# Edit /etc/nfs.conf
sudo tee -a /etc/nfs.conf << 'EOF'
[nfsd]
threads = 16
EOF
 
# Client: optimized mount options
sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,hard,intr,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,timeo=600 server-ip:/srv/nfs/data /mnt/nfs

# Samba logs
sudo tail -f /var/log/samba/log.smbd
 
# NFS checks
showmount -e server-ip
rpcinfo -p server-ip
nfsstat
 
# Check mounts
mount | grep -E "(cifs|nfs)"
df -h | grep -E "(cifs|nfs)"
 
# Check ports
ss -tlnp | grep -E "(445|139|2049|111)"