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Diagnóstico rápido

# Check disk usage
df -h
 
# Check directory sizes
du -sh /* 2>/dev/null | sort -rh | head -20
 
# Check large files in the current directory
du -sh * | sort -rh | head -20

Limpiar caché APT

Los paquetes .deb descargados se guardan en la caché APT de forma predeterminada:

# Check cache size
du -sh /var/cache/apt/archives/
 
# Clear all cache
sudo apt clean
 
# Clear only outdated cache
sudo apt autoclean
 
# Remove dependencies that are no longer needed
sudo apt autoremove

Limpiar paquetes Snap

Snap conserva instantáneas de la versión anterior de forma predeterminada, lo que puede consumir mucho espacio:

# Check snap usage
du -sh /var/lib/snapd/snaps/
du -sh ~/snap/
 
# List all snap versions
snap list --all
 
# Remove old snap versions (keep current version)
sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2
 
# Manually clean all disabled old versions
snap list --all | awk '/disabled/{print $1, $3}' | \
  while read name rev; do
    sudo snap remove "$name" --revision="$rev"
  done

Limpiar registros del sistema

# Check log usage
journalctl --disk-usage
 
# Keep only the last 7 days of logs
sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=7d
 
# Limit logs to a maximum of 500MB
sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=500M
 
# Permanently limit log size
sudo nano /etc/systemd/journald.conf
# Set: SystemMaxUse=500M
sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald

Limpiar los granos viejos

# View installed kernels
dpkg --list | grep linux-image
 
# View the currently running kernel
uname -r
 
# Remove old kernels (do NOT remove the one currently in use!)
sudo apt purge linux-image-OLD_VERSION-generic
sudo apt autoremove
 
# Automatically clean up old kernels that are no longer needed (purge-old-kernels is deprecated)
sudo apt autoremove --purge

Buscar archivos grandes

# Find files larger than 100MB
sudo find / -type f -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} \; 2>/dev/null | sort -k5 -rh
 
# Use ncdu for interactive analysis (recommended)
sudo apt install ncdu
sudo ncdu /

ncdu proporciona una interfaz interactiva para inspeccionar y localizar visualmente archivos y directorios grandes.

Limpiar caché de usuario

# Browser cache
du -sh ~/.cache/
rm -rf ~/.cache/thumbnails/*
rm -rf ~/.cache/mozilla/firefox/*/cache2/*
rm -rf ~/.cache/google-chrome/Default/Cache/*
 
# Flatpak cache
flatpak uninstall --unused

Limpiar /tmp

# Check /tmp size
du -sh /tmp/
 
# System reboot automatically cleans /tmp
# Manually clean temporary files older than 7 days
sudo find /tmp -type f -atime +7 -delete

Limpiar Docker (si está instalado)

# Check Docker usage
docker system df
 
# Clean unused images, containers, networks
docker system prune -a
 
# Clean build cache
docker builder prune

Ampliando el espacio en disco

LVM Expansión

# Check LVM status
sudo lvs
sudo vgs
 
# If the VG has remaining space
sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

Montar un disco duro adicional

# Format the new drive
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
 
# Mount
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/data
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data
 
# Write to fstab for persistence
echo "UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdb1) /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 2" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Monitoreo del uso del disco

Configure alertas de espacio en disco para evitar que se vuelva a llenar:

# Simple cron check script
cat << 'SCRIPT' | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/disk-alert.sh
#!/bin/bash
USAGE=$(df / | awk 'NR==2 {print $5}' | sed 's/%//')
if [ "$USAGE" -gt 90 ]; then
  echo "Warning: Root partition usage has reached ${USAGE}%" | \
    systemd-cat -t disk-alert -p warning
fi
SCRIPT
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/disk-alert.sh
 
# Check every hour
echo "0 * * * * root /usr/local/bin/disk-alert.sh" | sudo tee /etc/cron.d/disk-alert
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